Earning extra income is very important especially for breadwinners in their family just like me. I may not be starting my own business today because it needs proper planning and strong determination to pursue it. It’s not a kiddie thing where you can withdraw from your playmates if you don’t like to play anymore, or a hot food that you can throw if your tongue can’t take. You’re going to invest capital and that money would like come from your emergency funds or savings. And losing them in the long run is not what you want. So before starting a business plan, you might also consider the following money making ideas.
******************************************
SWINE FATTENING
REference
- E-Loading Business @ a minimal capital
- Direct Selling
- Online Selling
- Blogging
- Farming
******************************************
Selection of Breeds
There are many varieties to choose from and selection will be based on the needs of the farmer. Majority of the farmers utilize the coconut meat for copra. Copra is the dried meat from where oil is extracted for industrial and domestic use. If this is the primary reason for growing coconut, the farmer must select the breed that produces the most amount of copra per unit area and per unit time. Resistance to pest and diseases and stress factor such as resistance to drought and strong winds is also a consideration.
Site Selection
1. Land must not be water logged. Coconuts do not grow well on flooded land.
2. Soil depth must not be less than 1 meter. Root canopy is more than 1 meter.
3. Rain water is available most of the year. Areas that have distinct dry season is not preferred.
2. Soil depth must not be less than 1 meter. Root canopy is more than 1 meter.
3. Rain water is available most of the year. Areas that have distinct dry season is not preferred.
Clearing and Levelling
First activity in Field planting is clearing of weeds, debris and other unwanted crops. Most unwanted crops are old coconut trees that have pest and diseases. It is very important to properly dispose infested / diseased coconut trees. If possible burn or bury into deep pits to avoid contaminating newly planted coconut trees.
Lay-outing and Planting
Triangular system of planting coconut is recommended with rows laid out in a north-south direction. The distance between palms in a row should be 9 m x 9 m to 10 m x 10 m for tall varieties and 8 m x 8 m to 8.5 m x 8.5 m for dwarf hybrid coconuts. Staking is done to ease in locating where the tree will be planted.
After staking, dig a hole with the dimension of 50 cm diameter and 50 cm depth. Seedlings are ready to for planting when they reach 7 months in seedbeds or pots. Best time to plant is during the onset of the rainy season. This is to avoid drying up of newly planted coconut trees. And to ensure greater survival since the trees roots have established itself and ready to absorb moisture left in the soil during the summer months.
Before the seedlings are placed on the hole, fertilizers are applied inside the hole as basal application (refer to table on fertilization below). Prompt replanting of dead trees must be done to avoid uneven growth of coconut trees.
Plantation Management
1. Cultivation – to remove weeds and improve soil moisture absorption and aeration.
2. Irrigation and drainage – water logging and drought damages significantly coconut trees.
3. Cover crops and control of weeds – Cover crops are beneficial to coconut because it prevents erosion during rainy season, excessive water lost during summer months. Some leguminous cover crops like Centrosema and Stylosanthes fixes nitrogen in the soil. Competition for sunlight, water and nutrients with coconut however must be avoided. Two serious weed problems for coconut are cogon and lantana. These two weeds can completely take over the small coconut tree.
4. Intercrops – these are extra sources of income for the farmer. This is explained further on Chapter VI below. Considerations in selection of crops are market for the intercrop, competition it may offer to coconut as regards to water and nutrient requirement, tolerance or need for shade and dangers it may offer as alternate host for pest and diseases.
5. Animals under the coconut – same as intercrops these are extra income for the farmer. However, caution must be considered in over crowding in one area. Soil tends to be compacted in overgrazed areas especially for cattle.
2. Irrigation and drainage – water logging and drought damages significantly coconut trees.
3. Cover crops and control of weeds – Cover crops are beneficial to coconut because it prevents erosion during rainy season, excessive water lost during summer months. Some leguminous cover crops like Centrosema and Stylosanthes fixes nitrogen in the soil. Competition for sunlight, water and nutrients with coconut however must be avoided. Two serious weed problems for coconut are cogon and lantana. These two weeds can completely take over the small coconut tree.
4. Intercrops – these are extra sources of income for the farmer. This is explained further on Chapter VI below. Considerations in selection of crops are market for the intercrop, competition it may offer to coconut as regards to water and nutrient requirement, tolerance or need for shade and dangers it may offer as alternate host for pest and diseases.
5. Animals under the coconut – same as intercrops these are extra income for the farmer. However, caution must be considered in over crowding in one area. Soil tends to be compacted in overgrazed areas especially for cattle.
Nutrient Management
Table 2.0: Corrective fertilization of N, K, CL and S depending on the age of coconut (wt per palm per year) Component N K CL S
Field Planting 30 g 75 g 66 g 36 g
6 months from Field Planting 40 g 125 g 111 g 49 g
1 year 0.10 kg 0.30 kg 0.26 kg 0.12 kg
2 years 0.15 kg 0.45 kg 0.40 kg 0.18 kg
3 years 0.20 kg 0.60 kg 0.53 kg 0.24 kg
4 years 0.30 kg 0.80 kg 0.70 kg 0.36 kg
5 years and above 0.40 kg 1.00 kg 0.90 kg 0.48 kg
Field Planting 30 g 75 g 66 g 36 g
6 months from Field Planting 40 g 125 g 111 g 49 g
1 year 0.10 kg 0.30 kg 0.26 kg 0.12 kg
2 years 0.15 kg 0.45 kg 0.40 kg 0.18 kg
3 years 0.20 kg 0.60 kg 0.53 kg 0.24 kg
4 years 0.30 kg 0.80 kg 0.70 kg 0.36 kg
5 years and above 0.40 kg 1.00 kg 0.90 kg 0.48 kg
Pest and Disease Management
Two main methods in controlling pest and diseases are a) chemical and b) biological. Chemical makes use of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, etc as a means of control. While biological means utilizes parasites and predators.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
References
blog.agriculture.ph
Banzon, Julian A and Velasco, Jose R. “Coconut” Production and Utilization. Copyright 1982
Dar, William D. “Coco-based Farming Systems” State of the Knowledge and Practice 1990
Bourgoing, Raymond D “Coconut: A pictorial Technical Guide for Smallholders” Edited by Dante Benigno 1991
*********************************************8
SWINE FATTENING
AGE IN DAYS
|
APPROX. WEIGHT IN KGS
|
NAME OF FEEDS
|
AVE. DAILY CONSUMPTION
|
TOTAL CONSUMPTIONS
|
| 3-5 | 2-3 | milko plus | 50ml/head/day | 150ml for 3days |
| 6-28 | 3-7.5 | nutrilac booster | 20g/head/day | 460g for 23 days |
| 29-35 | 7.5-9.0 | nutrilac booster | 300g/head.day | 2kgs &100g for 1wk |
| 36-42 | 9-14 | nutrilac plus | 300g/head/day | 2kgs &100g for 1wk |
| 43-55 | 14-22 | nutrilac plus | 0.5-0.8kg/head/day | 0kgs & 400g for13 days |
| 56-90 | 22-45 | nutristar | 1.25-1.5kg/head/day | 52 1/2 kgs for 35 days |
| 91-120 | 45-67 | nutrigro | 1.75-2kg/head/day | 60kgs for 30days |
| 121-150 | 67-90 | nutribig | 2.3-2.5kg/head/day | 75kgs for 30days |
REference
Unifeeds corporation
Comments
Post a Comment